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The beneficial role of arabinogalactan or related
“bioactive” polysaccharides on cells including sperm
Dr. Ellington is investigating bioactive plant sugars in products to support sperm and embryo health, particularly via their apparent ability to limit oxidative stress in the sperm. Example articles of how these plant sugars improve cellular health, including that of sperm, are listed here.
1. Hagmar B, Ryd W, Skomedal H. Arabinogalactan blockage of experimental metastases to liver by murine hepatoma. Invasion Metastasis 1991; 11:348-355.
2. Hauer J, Anderer FA. Human medicinal agents from plants. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 1993; 534:1-348.
3. Kohen R, Shadmi V, Kakunda A, et al. Prevention of oxidative damage in the rat jejunal mucosa by pectin. Br. J. Nutr 1993, 69:789-800.
4. Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989:81:669-675.
5. Sakurai MH, Kiyohara H, Matsumoto T, et al. Characterization of antigenic epitopes in anti-ulcer pectic polysaccharides from Bupleurum falcatum L. using several carbohydrases. Carbohydrate Research 1998; 311:219-229.
6. Ye Y, Neethling FA, Niekrasz M, et al. Evidence that intravenously administered alpha-galactosyl carbohydrates reduce baboon serum cytotoxicity to pig kidney cells (PK15) and transplanted pig hearts. Transplantation 1994; 58:330-337.
7. Ellington JE, Oliver SA, Evenson, DP. Polysaccharides containing arabinose and galactose decerase oxidative damage to sperm in vitro. American Society of Andrology, June 2002, Montreal Canada. (View Abstract).
8. JE Ellington, RW Wright, S Broder 1, AJ Benson, SA Oliver. A Novel One Step Sperm Wash Product. Pacific Coast Fertility Meeting. Palm Springs, CA. 1995 (View Abstract)
9. Ellington JE, Oliver SA, Wright RW et al., Use of a Plant Polysaccharide gradient to Wash Bull Sperm Improves Fertilization & Embryonic Development. Int Embryo Transfer Soc, 1996, Salt Lake City, UT. (View Abstract)
10. Bao X, Wang Z, Fang J et al., Structural features of an immunostimulating and antioxidant acidic polysaccharide from Cussuta chinensis. Plant Med 2002; 68:237-43.
11. Kim LS, Waters RF, Burkholder PM. Immunological activity of larch arabinogalactan and Echinacea. Altern Med Rev 2002;7:138-149.
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